When scientists become detectives: investigating systematic tree poisoning in a protected cove.
Identifieur interne : 000023 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000022; suivant : 000024When scientists become detectives: investigating systematic tree poisoning in a protected cove.
Auteurs : Markus Stoffel [Suisse] ; Vera I. Slaveykova [Suisse] ; Christophe Corona [France] ; Juan Antonio Ballesteros Cánovas [Suisse]Source :
- Heliyon [ 2405-8440 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The systematic killing of trees is usually aimed at eradicating pests or alien plant species susceptible to harm existing natural ecosystems. In some cases, trees may become the subject of dispute between neighbors, which sometimes ends in tree death after months or years of dispute. In this paper, we analyze a case of clandestine tree killing and look into ways through which evidence left by delinquents can be analyzed a posteriori with state-of-the-art approaches. The investigation presented here looks at a series of old-growth trees that were supposedly poisoned inside a protected, nineteenth century grove in Switzerland. After the sudden, unexplained death of several old Black poplar (Populus nigra) trees along the main alley in fall 2015 and their subsequent removal, the dying of five additional, neighboring Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and English walnut (Juglans regia) trees in 2016 promptly triggered a suite of criminal investigations at the property. During an initial inspection, a large number of boreholes was found in the root plates of the dying trees. We present findings obtained from tree-ring, wood anatomical and dendrogeochemical investigations performed on root, stem and leave material from the assumedly poisoned trees and show that massive amounts of chemical elements - supposedly in the form organic pesticides with high Al, As, Fe, Cr, Ni contents, aluminum phosphides or glyphosate-based pesticides - were injected into 36 boreholes drilled into the roots around September 2016. Results obtained in this study are currently used in criminal investigations, and are a nice example of how scientific detectives can help their "real World" colleagues in identifying delinquents.
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03386
PubMed: 32072064
PubMed Central: PMC7016248
Affiliations:
- France, Suisse
- Auvergne (région administrative), Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Canton de Genève
- Clermont-Ferrand, Genève
- Université de Genève
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In some cases, trees may become the subject of dispute between neighbors, which sometimes ends in tree death after months or years of dispute. In this paper, we analyze a case of clandestine tree killing and look into ways through which evidence left by delinquents can be analyzed <i>a posteriori</i> with state-of-the-art approaches. The investigation presented here looks at a series of old-growth trees that were supposedly poisoned inside a protected, nineteenth century grove in Switzerland. After the sudden, unexplained death of several old Black poplar <i>(Populus nigra)</i> trees along the main alley in fall 2015 and their subsequent removal, the dying of five additional, neighboring Sycamore maple <i>(Acer pseudoplatanus)</i> and English walnut <i>(Juglans regia)</i> trees in 2016 promptly triggered a suite of criminal investigations at the property. During an initial inspection, a large number of boreholes was found in the root plates of the dying trees. We present findings obtained from tree-ring, wood anatomical and dendrogeochemical investigations performed on root, stem and leave material from the assumedly poisoned trees and show that massive amounts of chemical elements - supposedly in the form organic pesticides with high <i>Al</i>, <i>As</i>, <i>Fe, Cr, Ni</i> contents, aluminum phosphides or glyphosate-based pesticides - were injected into 36 boreholes drilled into the roots around September 2016. Results obtained in this study are currently used in criminal investigations, and are a nice example of how scientific detectives can help their "real World" colleagues in identifying delinquents.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32072064</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2405-8440</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>6</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Feb</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Heliyon</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Heliyon</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>When scientists become detectives: investigating systematic tree poisoning in a protected cove.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e03386</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03386</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The systematic killing of trees is usually aimed at eradicating pests or alien plant species susceptible to harm existing natural ecosystems. In some cases, trees may become the subject of dispute between neighbors, which sometimes ends in tree death after months or years of dispute. In this paper, we analyze a case of clandestine tree killing and look into ways through which evidence left by delinquents can be analyzed <i>a posteriori</i> with state-of-the-art approaches. The investigation presented here looks at a series of old-growth trees that were supposedly poisoned inside a protected, nineteenth century grove in Switzerland. After the sudden, unexplained death of several old Black poplar <i>(Populus nigra)</i> trees along the main alley in fall 2015 and their subsequent removal, the dying of five additional, neighboring Sycamore maple <i>(Acer pseudoplatanus)</i> and English walnut <i>(Juglans regia)</i> trees in 2016 promptly triggered a suite of criminal investigations at the property. During an initial inspection, a large number of boreholes was found in the root plates of the dying trees. We present findings obtained from tree-ring, wood anatomical and dendrogeochemical investigations performed on root, stem and leave material from the assumedly poisoned trees and show that massive amounts of chemical elements - supposedly in the form organic pesticides with high <i>Al</i>, <i>As</i>, <i>Fe, Cr, Ni</i> contents, aluminum phosphides or glyphosate-based pesticides - were injected into 36 boreholes drilled into the roots around September 2016. Results obtained in this study are currently used in criminal investigations, and are a nice example of how scientific detectives can help their "real World" colleagues in identifying delinquents.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2020 The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stoffel</LastName><ForeName>Markus</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>dendrolab.ch, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Slaveykova</LastName><ForeName>Vera I</ForeName><Initials>VI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corona</LastName><ForeName>Christophe</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Université de Limoges, GEOLAB, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ballesteros Cánovas</LastName><ForeName>Juan Antonio</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>dendrolab.ch, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Heliyon</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101672560</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2405-8440</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Acer pseudoplatanus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Applied ecology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Dendroecology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Dendrogeochemistry</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental assessment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental health</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental science</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental toxicology</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Flora</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Juglans regia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Quantitative wood anatomy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Tree wounding</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>08</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>04</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32072064</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03386</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Genève</li></region><settlement><li>Clermont-Ferrand</li><li>Genève</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Genève</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Genève"><name sortKey="Stoffel, Markus" sort="Stoffel, Markus" uniqKey="Stoffel M" first="Markus" last="Stoffel">Markus Stoffel</name></region><name sortKey="Ballesteros Canovas, Juan Antonio" sort="Ballesteros Canovas, Juan Antonio" uniqKey="Ballesteros Canovas J" first="Juan Antonio" last="Ballesteros Cánovas">Juan Antonio Ballesteros Cánovas</name><name sortKey="Ballesteros Canovas, Juan Antonio" sort="Ballesteros Canovas, Juan Antonio" uniqKey="Ballesteros Canovas J" first="Juan Antonio" last="Ballesteros Cánovas">Juan Antonio Ballesteros Cánovas</name><name sortKey="Slaveykova, Vera I" sort="Slaveykova, Vera I" uniqKey="Slaveykova V" first="Vera I" last="Slaveykova">Vera I. Slaveykova</name><name sortKey="Stoffel, Markus" sort="Stoffel, Markus" uniqKey="Stoffel M" first="Markus" last="Stoffel">Markus Stoffel</name><name sortKey="Stoffel, Markus" sort="Stoffel, Markus" uniqKey="Stoffel M" first="Markus" last="Stoffel">Markus Stoffel</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Corona, Christophe" sort="Corona, Christophe" uniqKey="Corona C" first="Christophe" last="Corona">Christophe Corona</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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